totalsquares=6;
t=totalsquares-1
caminox ="d"+totalsquares;
navnumlessone=navnum-1;
navnumlesstwo=navnum-2;
camino ="d"+navnum;
camino1 ="d"+navnumlessone;
camino2 ="d"+navnumlesstwo;
var quote= new Array(5) 
quote[0]="Negative Feedback"; 
quote[1]="Positive Feedback"; 
quote[2]="Positive Feedback continued"; 
quote[3]="Conclusion"; 
quote[4]="Positive Feedback continued"; 
quote[5]=""; 
quote[6]=""; 
quote[7]=""; 
quote[8]=""; 
quote[9]=""; 

if (totalsquares==navnum) {
	introtext='Go to page '+navnumlesstwo+' of '+t+', "'+quote[navnumlesstwo]+'"';

} else {
introtext='Go to page '+navnum+' of '+t+', "'+quote[navnumlesstwo]+'"';
}
function loadAddress(a) {
if (totalsquares==navnum) {
navnumlesstwo=navnumlessone-2;

selectAddress= "fee"+navnumlesstwo+".html";

} else {
selectAddress= "fee"+navnumlessone+".html";
}
	if (a=="add") {

	window.location.href = selectAddress;
	}
	if (a=="on") {
	cd(camino);
	}
	if (a=="out") {
	cu(camino);
	}
}
function preloader() {
MM_preloadImages('../images/top_nav/home/top_piec.gif','../images/top_nav/thinking/top_piec.gif','../images/top_nav/practice/top_piec.gif','images/resources/top_piec.gif','images/messages/top_piec.gif','images/faqs/top_piec.gif','images/glossary/top_piec.gif');
imgChange(camino1,'../images/global/c_sq_d.gif')
            if (navnum==totalsquares) {
				imgChange('arrow','../images/global/c_ar_rev.gif')
				}
}

function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0
  var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array();
    var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++)
    if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}}
}

function imgChange(imgName,img2) {
        if (document.images) {
            document[imgName].src = img2;
        }
}


// copy navigation
function cu(name) {
        if (document.images) {

            if (name!=camino1) {
						navnumlesstwo=navnumlessone-1
						if (name!=caminox) {
			
			document[name].src = "../images/global/c_sq_u.gif";
			//document["d1"].src = "../images/global/c_sq_d.gif";
        } else {

			name=camino2;
			document[name].src = "../images/global/c_sq_u.gif";
			//document["d1"].src = "../images/global/c_sq_d.gif";
      			 }
			}
		}
}
function cd(name) {
 if (document.images) {

            if (name!=camino1) {
						navnumlesstwo=navnumlessone-1
						
						if (name!=caminox) {
						
			document[name].src = "../images/global/c_sq_d.gif";
			//document["d1"].src = "../images/global/c_sq_d.gif";
        } else {

			name=camino2;
			document[name].src = "../images/global/c_sq_d.gif";
			//document["d1"].src = "../images/global/c_sq_d.gif";
        }
		}
		}
}

//ContentURL="index5.html"
function restore() {
if (document.layers) {
  location.reload()
	location.href = ContentURL
  }
}
function popUp(name) {
windowName = window.open(name,'Popup','width=600,height=500,left=0,top=0,status=yes,menubar=yes,scrollbars=auto,directories=no');
windowName.focus()
}
function popUp1(name) {
windowName = window.open(name,'Popup','width=325,height=400,left=0,top=150,status=yes,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,directories=no');
windowName.focus()
}
function arrow(){
for (i=0;i<navnumlessone;++i) {
j=i+2;
if (totalsquares>j){
document.write('<TD><img src="../images/global/spacer.gif" width="13" height="13" alt="" border="0"></TD>');
document.write('<TD><IMG SRC="../images/thinking/spacer.gif" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="2" ALT="" BORDER="0"></TD>');
}
}
}
function codewrite() {
if (navnumlessone==1) {
document.write("<DIV CLASS=\"title\">FEEDBACK</DIV> <br>Feedback is one of the major concepts in systems thinking. Instead of thinking in a linear way, it recognises that as well as one cause (A) leading to an effect (B), B will also affect A in various ways. This circular causality is called a 'feedback loop'. Many elements interacting and coupled in this way result in a complex system, of mutual causes and effects, especially when they involve human ideas, beliefs, minds and culture.<br><br>There are two forms of feedback effect - \"positive\" and \"negative\" - not in the sense of being 'good' or 'bad', but producing 'self-reinforcing',  and 'self-correcting' effects respectively.  ")
}else if (navnumlessone==2) {
document.write('<DIV CLASS="title">NEGATIVE FEEDBACK</DIV><br>Negative feedback happens when an increase in one thing leads to a decrease in another, so bringing the system back into line with its purpose.<br><br>Cyberneticist Norbert Wiener used the simple example of steering a boat to illustrate feedback. (Incidentally, the word, \'cybernetics\' originates in a Greek word meaning \'to steer\'). When the boat deviates to the left, the person steering checks the deviation and moves the rudder to the left to move the boat back on course. Once corrected, the boat may then move too far to the right so that the person steering re-checks, moves the rudder to the left and corrects the position again. And so on. Boats are kept on course by these negative feedback dynamics.')
} else if (navnumlessone==3) {
document.write('The same basic dynamic can also be seen when a person is anxious or under stress. Pressure in life translates into experience of stress which, in turn, has physiological effects on their body chemistry (adrenal hormones are produced, for example). Something then needs to be done to reduce stress and the production of adrenalin.<br><br><DIV CLASS="title">POSITIVE FEEDBACK</DIV><br>Positive feedback occurs when an increase in one thing leads to an increase in another and so on in a domino, vicious circle or spiral effect. In the boat example, when a person steering is distracted, and takes their eye off the horizon or instruments, they will hold the rudder to the left for longer than normal and move the boat off course. The longer this lasts, the further off course it will go until it would eventually turn 180 degrees or more.')
} else if (navnumlessone==4) {
document.write(' The more off course the boat becomes, the more (negative feedback) countersteering will be required to correct it, but also the greater the possibility of \'over-correcting\' and veering off course in the other direction.<br><br>If levels of stress are not corrected, the body continues to produce adrenal hormones which further contribute to feelings of stress and send the body-mind system into a vicious, mutually reinforcing cycle. Extreme and prolonged stress can result in stress-related diseases, such as cancers, heart disease and depression, excessive habits such as smoking, drinking or eating, and/or increasing difficulty in coping with work and other areas of life. ')
}else if (navnumlessone==5) {
document.write('Similarly, the greater the deviation from a healthy, less stressed frame of mind, the more difficult it becomes to correct it (through drugs, relaxation, change in lifestyle, etc). The danger of overcompensating in the other direction also increases through, for example, dependence on anti-depressant drugs or rash changes in other areas of life.')
}else if (navnumlessone==6) {
document.write('<a href="http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/bin/p12.dll?C01T862_environment" target="_blank">T862 Enterprise and the Environment</a> <BR><a href="http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/bin/p12.dll?C01T834_technology" target="_blank">T834 Quality: Delivering Excellence</a><BR><a href="http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/bin/p12.dll?C01T835_environment" target="_blank">T835 Integrated Safety, Health and Environmental Management</a> <BR><a href="http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/bin/p12.dll?C01TU870_technology" target="_blank">TU870 Capacities for Managing Development</a><br><a href="http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/bin/p12.dll?C01B822_business_and_management" target="_blank">B822 Creativity, Innovation and Change</a><br><br>Who should I contact if I have a general query about Systems Practice? <BR>General enquiries to the Systems Discipline please email: <a href="mailto:systems-tech@open.ac.uk">systems-tech@open.ac.uk</a>')
}else if (navnumlessone==7) {
document.write('How do I contact the Open University? <BR>For general Open University enquiries please <a href="http://www.open.ac.uk/addresses/" target="_blank">contact</a> the area closest to you or simply log on to the <a href="http://www.open.ac.uk" target="_blank">Open University\'s Website</a><br><br>Can I study at the Open University if I don\'t live in the UK?<BR>Access to these courses are restricted to residents of the European Union and certain other areas in which we have agreed to register students. ')
}else if (navnumlessone==8) {
document.write("At present the study areas are:<BR>Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.<br><br>What if I live in Ireland?<BR>If you are resident in the Republic of Ireland, your teaching arrangements will be administered by The Open University in Ireland.")
}else if (navnumlessone==9) {
document.write('What other courses are at the Open University?<BR>The Open University has a wide range of diploma, degree and post-graduate <a href="http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/" target="_blank">courses</a> in all disciplines. <BR><BR>How Can I find out more about the Open University?<BR>Other Factsheets are available online at the Open University\'s Factsheet website. (link to: http://www.open.ac.uk/factsheets/ ) or simply log on to the <a href="http://www.open.ac.uk" TARGET="_blank">Open University website</a>. ')
}else if (navnumlessone==10) {
document.write("CLIP FOUR <BR><BR>Science for a long time has assumed not only that the observor saw more of the game than the player, but that he saw everything that was worth seeing. The idea that the agent might see and still less might be something that the observor couldn't see and be has been one of those embarassing notions that have got left out. And yet if we're really going to take seriously the insight that we are ourselves part of most, in theory all, the things that we \"observe\" and in practice of all the most important ones, the ones that fall into the psycho-social field then you have to accept the fact that we need the experience of an agent just as much as we need the observations of the observor, and that it is only by marrying the two that we make any sense of what we observe. Some social scientists have got into grotesque contortions it seems to be by trying to be completely objective about their own kind, and thus trying to exclude the direct knowledge they in fact have, ignoring the fact that half their vocabulary only has a meaning because their own personal experience has put it in. ")
}
}
function squarecode() {
document.write('<TD><A HREF="fee.html" onMouseOut="cu(\'d1\');" ONMOUSEOVER="cd(\'d1\');"><img src="../images/global/c_sq_u.gif" width="13" height="13" alt="" border="0" NAME="d1"></A></TD><TD><IMG SRC="../images/thinking/spacer.gif" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="2" ALT="" BORDER="0"></TD>')
for (i=2;i<totalsquares;i++) {
j=i-1;
document.write('<TD><A HREF="fee'+j+'.html" onMouseOut="cu(\'d'+i+'\');" ONMOUSEOVER="cd(\'d'+i+'\');"><img src="../images/global/c_sq_u.gif" width="13" height="13" alt="" border="0" NAME="d'+i+'"></A></TD><TD><IMG SRC="../images/thinking/spacer.gif" WIDTH="1" HEIGHT="2" ALT="" BORDER="0"></TD>')
}
}