Clockwise direction - The same direction as hands on a clock.

Shortest - If you are in the tropics you may even notice that the shadow disappears at noon because the sun is directly overhead.

Shadow stick - The technical name for a shadow stick is gnomon, pronounced "No mon", and is Greek for "the one who knows".

Latitude is a measure of north-south position on the globe. It is described as the angle between a position on the globe and the equator. At the equator latitude is 0^o, whereas at the poles it is 90^o North or 90^o South. On a map these are shown as horizontal hoops around the Earth.

Equinoctial - Sometimes known as equatorial.

Mean solar time - The time used in the modern clock.

Water clock - For many centuries, the best technology available for keeping time was the water clock. While these clocks weren't always reliable they worked indoors, at night and on cloudy days, so in many ways they were more useful than the sundial, the only other clock in use at the time.