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Tremors The Breakdown taking_sides Total War The End Game After Shocks
October: Charles decides to impose the Anglican Prayer Book on Scotland
This fateful decision would ultimately lead to civil war throughout the three kingdoms
June: Punishment of Prynne, Burton and Bastwick
These three Puritans were fined and publicly mutilated for criticising the Laudian church.

July: Riot at St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh
When Charles attempted to impose the Prayer Book on Scotland, the Scots responded with Calvinist fury.
February 1638: Scottish National Covenant signed.
A declaration of Scots national identity and a determination to defend their Kirk against Anglicanism, Charles viewed the Covenant as a sign of rebellion
November: The Church of Scotland abolishes bishops.
Charles responds by suspending use of the Prayer Book and starts gathering an army to crush the Scots.
April: Short Parliament convenes
"Opponents of the Crown get a forum for their views following eleven years of personal rule."

August: Second Bishops War commences
Acting on Strafford's advice, Charles again attempts to teach the Scots a lesson- the Scots respond by seizing Newcastle.

November: Long Parliament assembles
With the Scots controlling the north of England, Charles is forced to call a second Parliament.
May: Charles' army moves up to Berwick
This demoralised and disorganised army takes up position against the Scots on the south bank of the Tweed.
June: First Bishops War ends
Realising his army is in no position to defeat the Scots, Charles concludes the First Bishops War by signing the Treaty of Berwick
May: Execution of Strafford

Charles had promised to protect his chief adviser but sacrificed him to save his own skin

October: Irish Rebellion breaks out
Just when Charles seemed to have reached an understanding with Parliament and the Scots, Ireland erupts in rebellion.

November: Parliament issues Grand Remonstrance
Instead of giving Charles an army to crush the rebels, Parliament responds with a document detailing eleven years of personal misrule.
March: Militia Ordinance issued
As relations between Crown and Parliament deteriorate, Parliament attempts to raise a military force

June: Charles issues the Commissions of Array
The King asks the Lords Lieutenant and county aristocracy to provide him with a military force.

August: Charles raises his standard at Nottingham.
Calling on all loyal men to support the King, Charles' action signals the start of the First Civil War.
October: Battle of Edgehill
The first major military engagement of the War-a draw.

November: Turnham Green
The battle that never was-the King forfeits his chance to capture London.
January: Charles tries to arrest the five members
Fearing that Parliament is about to impeach Queen Henrietta Maria, Charles attempts to arrest his leading Parliamentary tormentors-but the 'birds have already flown'


July: Rupert seizes Bristol
A major city and port falls into Royalist hands

September: Charles concludes a truce with the Confederates
In an effort to release extra troops to fight in England, Charles reaches an 'understanding' with the Confederation of Kilkenny
September: Parliament and Covenanters conclude the Solemn League and Covenant
Pym and the Covenanters conclude a tactical alliance to counter-balance Royalist successes during 1643

December: Death of John Pym
The great Parliamentary leader dies shortly after concluding the Covenant with the Scots.
January: Scots Covenanter army enters England
The first fruits of Pym's deal, a disciplined Scots Presbyterian army invades the north of England.

July: Battle of Marston Moor
The first truly decisive battle of the First Civil War-a major Parliamentary victory.
December: Parliament passes the Self-Denying Ordinance
The Independents resolve their differences with the moderates by severing their links with the Parliamentary army, a growing source of political power.
February: New Model Army Ordinance issued
This highly disciplined and well-motivated army soon proved its worth

April: Fairfax replaces Essex as Parliamentary Commander
A more dynamic military leader replaces the cautious Essex as the Self Denying Ordinance comes into effect.
June: Battle of Naseby
Another major military disaster for the Royalists

September: Battle of Philiphaugh
Montrose's 'Year of Miracles' end when his army is defeated in the Borders.
May: Charles surrenders to the Covenanters
Realising his military options are limited, Charles surrenders to the Scots and brings the First Civil War to an end.

June: Battle of Benburb
A major victory for the Confederation of Kilkenny. The Scots Covenanters and English Parliamentarians reach a rapprochement following this Catholic victory.
June: Charles taken prisoner by the Army
Realising that the King is central to any peace deal, the Army seizes Charles from the Parliamentarians to strengthen their bargaining power.

October: Putney Debates commence
A major event in British political history-the grandees of the New Model army deign to discuss political ideals with the ordinary soldiers. Those who continue to 'agitate' after the debates are summarily executed.
December: Charles concludes an 'Engagement' with the Scots
Charles forms a military alliance with his Scots Presbyterians making the resumption of hostilities inevitable.
January: Parliament issues a Vote of No Addresses
Infuriated by Charles' Engagement with the Scots, Parliament bans all future discussions with the monarch.

March: Second Civil War begins
War recommences with a rising by disaffected troops in Wales.
August: Battle of Preston
Cromwell crushes the Scots Engagers on the banks of the Ribble and, in the same month, Fairfax recaptures Colchester.

December: Pride's Purge
The Army removes all its conservative and moderate opponents from Parliament.
January: Execution of Charles I
The first time in British history that a reigning monarch is executed by his own people.

March: Parliament abolishes the monarchy and House of Lords.
A necessary corollary to Charles' execution, a major political experiment commences.
May: England is declared a free Commonwealth
The Republican era begins with Oliver Cromwell as the dominant political and military figure.